Referencing old school wooden lures - my military bass partner was sponsored by Poe's when they started doing it - the early rattles consisted of a spent .22 casing and one or more BBs (depending on size) drilled into the cedar body... I would think something of this nature could be fabbed into an adequate sized lead lure (thinking it would be easier to drill and glue after casting than to cast with some sort of chamber in the cavity).
However, on most single hook baits it would be far easier to add the slip on rattles that plug into a rubber collar.