I use knock out test caps.
Put it in your PVC then knock out the center circle and discard.
Remove the remaining ring put your membrane over the cup and replace the ring for a nice tight fit.
Coffee filters are not consistent in thickness so imho make lousy membrane.
My favorite is the outer material from vacuum cleaner bags.
You can also use brown paper bags,tyvek housewrap or post office onvelopes label side up.
Different types of paper can also be used.
The hard bottom stuff is fluidizing plate.
I bought some on EBAY awhile back and cut my own circles out. Then I hot glued them in my cups.
You can buy cups premade this way from Tj's tackle for all sizes.
3",2" and 1 1/2" cups.